Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 14, sentence 138
The gloaming came, and the black horseman reached by: and it at once became dark, but the eyes in the skulls glowed.
Who acts: gloaming, black horseman, eyes · What happens: come, reach, become, glow
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gloaming, black horseman, eyes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 gloaming | det |
| 2 | gloaming | gloaming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 reached | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 reached | cc |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 horseman | det |
| 7 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 horseman | amod |
| 8 | horseman | horseman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 reached | nsubj |
| 9 | reached | reach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 came | parataxis |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 it | case |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 it | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 it | cc |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 reached | obl |
| 14 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 16 became | mark |
| 15 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 16 became | advmod |
| 16 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 reached | advcl |
| 17 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 became | xcomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 glowed | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 glowed | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 eyes | det |
| 21 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 glowed | nsubj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 skulls | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 skulls | det |
| 24 | skulls | skull | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 eyes | nmod |
| 25 | glowed | glow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the gloaming | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | reach | participle | the black horseman | by gloaming | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | become | past | the black horseman not said here | dark, once property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | glow | past | the eyes in the skulls | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/14/138/