Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 14, sentence 4
He, without noticing, touched the youngest princess’s dress: she was frightened and said to her sisters, “O my sisters, somebody has stepped on my dress.
Who acts: nobleman · What happens: notice, touch, frighten, say, step · To what, where: dress, princess, sisters, somebody · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nobleman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 noticing | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 noticing | punct |
| 3 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 4 noticing | mark |
| 4 | noticing | notice | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 touched | punct |
| 6 | touched | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 noticing | parataxis |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 princess | det |
| 8 | youngest | young | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 9 princess | amod |
| 9 | princess | princess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 dress | nmod:poss |
| 10 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 9 princess | case |
| 11 | dress | dress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 touched | obj |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 frightened | punct |
| 13 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 frightened | aux:pass |
| 15 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 touched | parataxis |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 said | cc |
| 17 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 frightened | conj |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 sisters | case |
| 19 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 sisters | nmod:poss |
| 20 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 said | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 sisters | punct |
| 22 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 sisters | punct |
| 23 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 25 sisters | discourse |
| 24 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 sisters | nmod:poss |
| 25 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 sisters | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 stepped | punct |
| 27 | somebody | somebody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 29 stepped | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 stepped | aux |
| 29 | stepped | step | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 frightened | conj |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 32 dress | case |
| 31 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 dress | nmod:poss |
| 32 | dress | dress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 stepped | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 noticing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | notice | gerund | nobleman | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | touch | past | the youngest princess's dress | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dress=Co-Theme | |||||
| 3 | frighten | past · passive | princess | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | princess's sisters and my sisters | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to sister=Recipient | |||||
| 5 | step in a quote | present · perfect · passive | somebody | my dress | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/14/4/