Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 14, sentence 48
And they used to torture her by piling all the work they could on her, that she might grow thin and ugly, and might be tanned by the wind and the sun. And the child lived a hard life.
Who acts: stepmother, VASILÍSA, wind, child · What happens: use, torture, pile, grow, tan, live · To what, where: VASILÍSA, work, hard life
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stepmother, VASILÍSA, wind, child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 used | cc |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 used | nsubj |
| 3 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 torture | mark |
| 5 | torture | torture | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 used | xcomp |
| 6 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 torture | obj |
| 7 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 8 piling | mark |
| 8 | piling | pile | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 torture | advcl |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 work | det:predet |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 work | det |
| 11 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 piling | obj |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 could | nsubj |
| 13 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 piling | aux |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 her | case |
| 15 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 could | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 grow | punct |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 grow | mark |
| 18 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 grow | nsubj |
| 19 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 grow | aux |
| 20 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 torture | conj |
| 21 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 grow | xcomp |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 ugly | cc |
| 23 | ugly | ugly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 thin | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 tanned | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 tanned | cc |
| 26 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 tanned | aux |
| 27 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 tanned | aux:pass |
| 28 | tanned | tan | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 used | conj |
| 29 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 wind | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 wind | det |
| 31 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 tanned | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 sun. | cc |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 sun. | det |
| 34 | sun. | sun. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 wind | conj |
| 35 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 lived | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 child | det |
| 37 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 lived | nsubj |
| 38 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 tanned | conj |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 life | det |
| 40 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 life | amod |
| 41 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 lived | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past | stepmother | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | torture | to-infinitive | stepmother not said here | VASILÍSA = vasilísa | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | pile | could | stepmother not said here | all work | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme work=Destination | ||||
| 4 | grow | might | VASILÍSA = vasilísa | thin property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | tan | might · passive | the wind and the sun. | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | live | past | the child | a hard life | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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