Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 14, sentence 76
“I can see by the needles,” said the one who was making lace.
Who acts: I, one · What happens: see, say, make · To what, where: lace · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 see | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 see | aux |
| 4 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 said | ccomp |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 needles | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 needles | det |
| 7 | needles | needle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 see | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
| 9 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 one | det |
| 12 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | obj |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 making | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 making | aux |
| 15 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 one | acl:relcl |
| 16 | lace | lace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 making | obj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see in a quote | can | I | by the needles | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the one | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | make | past · progressive | the one | lace | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lace=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/14/76/