Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 14, sentence 9
“Oh, sisters,” said the youngest sister, “some unfortunate thing is injuring us.
Who acts: sisters, unfortunate thing · What happens: say, injure · To what, where: us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sisters, unfortunate thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 2 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 4 sisters | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 4 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 said | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 sisters | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 sisters | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 sister | det |
| 9 | youngest | young | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 10 sister | amod |
| 10 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 injuring | punct |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 injuring | punct |
| 13 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 15 thing | det |
| 14 | unfortunate | unfortunate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 thing | amod |
| 15 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 injuring | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 injuring | aux |
| 17 | injuring | injure | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 said | advcl |
| 18 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 injuring | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | sisters | the youngest sister nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | injure in a quote | present · progressive | some unfortunate thing | us | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/14/9/