Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 15, sentence 107
“Yes, fathers,” the widow said, “my little hut is very small, and there is nowhere to lie down.”
Who acts: widow, little hut · What happens: say, be, lie down · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (widow, little hut), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 fathers | punct |
| 2 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 fathers | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Yes | punct |
| 4 | fathers | father | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 said | ccomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 fathers | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 fathers | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 widow | det |
| 8 | widow | widow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 small | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 small | punct |
| 12 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 hut | nmod:poss |
| 13 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 hut | amod |
| 14 | hut | hut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 small | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 small | cop |
| 16 | very | very | ADV | _ | 17 small | advmod |
| 17 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 said | ccomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 is | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 is | cc |
| 20 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 21 is | expl |
| 21 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | conj |
| 22 | nowhere | nowhere | ADV | PronType=Neg | 21 is | advmod |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 lie | mark |
| 24 | lie | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 is | advcl |
| 25 | down | down | ADP | _ | 24 lie | compound:prt |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 27 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the widow | fathers ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | my little hut | small property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be in a quote | present | the widow not said here | there | nowhere property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | lie down in a quote | to-infinitive | the widow not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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