Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 16, sentence 144
It was a bitter thing for the Tsar her father to gaze at his doleful daughter.
Who acts: heart, father · What happens: be, gaze · To what, where: bitter thing
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 thing | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 thing | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 thing | det |
| 4 | bitter | bitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 thing | amod |
| 5 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 Tsar | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Tsar | det |
| 8 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 thing | nmod |
| 9 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 father | nmod:poss |
| 10 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gaze | nsubj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 gaze | mark |
| 12 | gaze | gaze | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 thing | parataxis |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 daughter | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 daughter | nmod:poss |
| 15 | doleful | doleful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 daughter | amod |
| 16 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gaze | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 thing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | heart | a bitter thing | for the Tsar | tree rules | |||
| 2 | gaze | to-infinitive | soul's father | at father's doleful daughter | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at daughter=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/16/144/