Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 16, sentence 15
Then his horse began to sink fast into the earth, until the knight dug his spurs into his horse’s fat haunches.
Who acts: horse, knight, SVYATOGÓR · What happens: begin, sink, dig, spur · To what, where: earth, spurs
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, knight, SVYATOGÓR), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 began | advmod |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 horse | nmod:poss |
| 3 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 began | nsubj |
| 4 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 sink | mark |
| 6 | sink | sink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 began | xcomp |
| 7 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 sink | advmod |
| 8 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 earth | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 earth | det |
| 10 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sink | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 dug | punct |
| 12 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 15 dug | mark |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 knight | det |
| 14 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dug | nsubj |
| 15 | dug | dig | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 began | conj |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 spurs | nmod:poss |
| 17 | spurs | spur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 dug | obj |
| 18 | into | into | ADP | _ | 23 haunches | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 horse | nmod:poss |
| 20 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 haunches | nmod:poss |
| 21 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 20 horse | case |
| 22 | fat | fat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 haunches | compound |
| 23 | haunches | haunch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 dug | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | SVYATOGÓR's horse | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | sink | to-infinitive | SVYATOGÓR's horse not said here | the earth | fast property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 3 | dig | past | the knight | SVYATOGÓR's spurs | into SVYATOGÓR's horse's fat haunches | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent spur=Instrument into haunch=Patient | |||
| 4 | spur | SVYATOGÓR = svyatogór | nom spur «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/16/15/