Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 16, sentence 28
But Ilyá Múromets had not the strength to uncover him; so he began to break the boards with his sword, and wherever he brandished his sword, hoops arose in his way.
Who acts: Ilyá Múromets, SVYATOGÓR, hoops · What happens: have, uncover, begin, break, brandish, arise · To what, where: strength, SVYATOGÓR, boards, sword, way
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ilyá Múromets, SVYATOGÓR, hoops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 had | cc |
| 2 | Ilyá | Ilyá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Múromets | compound |
| 3 | Múromets | múromet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 had | nsubj |
| 4 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 strength | advmod |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 strength | det |
| 7 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 had | obj |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 uncover | mark |
| 9 | uncover | uncover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 strength | acl |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 uncover | obj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 began | punct |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 began | advmod |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 began | nsubj |
| 14 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 had | conj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 break | mark |
| 16 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 began | xcomp |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 boards | det |
| 18 | boards | board | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 break | obj |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 sword | case |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 sword | nmod:poss |
| 21 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 break | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 arose | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 arose | cc |
| 24 | wherever | wherever | ADV | PronType=Int | 26 brandished | advmod |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 brandished | nsubj |
| 26 | brandished | brandish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 arose | advcl |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 sword | nmod:poss |
| 28 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 brandished | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 brandished | punct |
| 30 | hoops | hoop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 arose | nsubj |
| 31 | arose | arise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 had | conj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 way | case |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 way | nmod:poss |
| 34 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 arose | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Ilyá Múromets | the strength | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Patient | ||||
| 2 | uncover | to-infinitive | Ilyá Múromets not said here | SVYATOGÓR = svyatogór | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | begin | past | SVYATOGÓR = svyatogór | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | break | to-infinitive | SVYATOGÓR = svyatogór not said here | the boards | with SVYATOGÓR's sword | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent board=Patient with sword=Instrument | |||
| 5 | brandish | past | SVYATOGÓR = svyatogór | SVYATOGÓR's sword | wherever property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | arise | past | hoops | SVYATOGÓR's way | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in way=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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