Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 16, sentence 8
Then the wife of the knight observed Ilyá up in the grey oak, and spoke to him in this wise: “Hail, valiant and brave youth; climb down from the grey oak.
Who acts: wife · What happens: observe up, speak, climb down · To what, where: Ilyá, grey oak, Hail, KNIGHT, wise · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 observed | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 wife | det |
| 3 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 observed | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 knight | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 knight | det |
| 6 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wife | nmod |
| 7 | observed | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | Ilyá | Ilyá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 observed | obj |
| 9 | up | up | ADP | _ | 7 observed | compound:prt |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 oak | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 oak | det |
| 12 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 oak | amod |
| 13 | oak | oak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 observed | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 spoke | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 spoke | cc |
| 16 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 observed | parataxis |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 spoke | obl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 wise | case |
| 20 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 wise | nsubj |
| 21 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 spoke | obl |
| 22 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 Hail | punct |
| 23 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 Hail | punct |
| 24 | Hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 spoke | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 valiant | punct |
| 26 | valiant | valiant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 Hail | amod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 youth | cc |
| 28 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 youth | amod |
| 29 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 valiant | conj |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 climb | punct |
| 31 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 observed | conj |
| 32 | down | down | ADV | _ | 31 climb | advmod |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 36 oak | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 oak | det |
| 35 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 oak | amod |
| 36 | oak | oak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 climb | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 observed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | observe up | past | the wife of the knight | Ilyá | the grey oak | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ilyá=Topic | ||
| 2 | speak speech: other | past | Hail | KNIGHT | wise this | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent | |||
| 3 | climb down in a quote | infinitive | the wife of the knight not said here | the grey oak | down property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from oak=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/16/8/