Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 17, sentence 7
And the horses of some masters fell downhill, but his master’s could not be kept to the bridle.
Who acts: horses · What happens: fall, not keep · To what, where: master
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 fell | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 horses | det |
| 3 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 fell | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 masters | case |
| 5 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 masters | det |
| 6 | masters | master | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 horses | nmod |
| 7 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | downhill | downhill | ADV | _ | 7 fell | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 kept | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 kept | cc |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 master | nmod:poss |
| 12 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 kept | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 12 master | case |
| 14 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 kept | aux |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 kept | advmod |
| 16 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 17 kept | aux:pass |
| 17 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 fell | parataxis |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 bridle | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 bridle | det |
| 20 | bridle | bridle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 kept | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | past | the horses of some masters | downhill property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not keep | could · passive | master's master | to the bridle | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/17/7/