Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 18, sentence 31
So the smith made the three cases, and took them up to the gallows.
Who acts: smith · What happens: make, take up · To what, where: three cases, cases, gallows
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 made | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 smith | det |
| 3 | smith | smith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | nsubj |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 cases | det |
| 6 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 cases | nummod |
| 7 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 made | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 took | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 took | cc |
| 10 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | conj |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 took | obj |
| 12 | up | up | ADP | _ | 10 took | compound:prt |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 gallows | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 gallows | det |
| 15 | gallows | gallows | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 took | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | the smith | the three cases | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset case=Product | ||||
| 2 | take up | past | the smith not said here | cases = case | the gallows | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to gallows=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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