Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 18, sentence 44
She used to dress in male fashion, used to sit astride on horseback; shot with her gun, and did nothing like other girls; and there were very few who knew that she was a maiden.
Who acts: VASILÍSA · What happens: use, dress, sit, do, be, know · To what, where: male fashion, horseback, nothing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (VASILÍSA), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 used | nsubj |
| 2 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 dress | mark |
| 4 | dress | dress | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 used | xcomp |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 fashion | case |
| 6 | male | male | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 fashion | amod |
| 7 | fashion | fashion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 dress | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 used | punct |
| 9 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 fashion | acl |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 sit | mark |
| 11 | sit | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 used | xcomp |
| 12 | astride | astride | ADP | _ | 14 horseback | case |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 horseback | case |
| 14 | horseback | horseback | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 sit | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 shot | punct |
| 16 | shot | shot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 used | parataxis |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 gun | case |
| 18 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 gun | nmod:poss |
| 19 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 shot | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 did | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 did | cc |
| 22 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 used | conj |
| 23 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 22 did | obj |
| 24 | like | like | ADP | _ | 26 girls | case |
| 25 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 girls | amod |
| 26 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 nothing | nmod |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 few | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 were | cc |
| 29 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 30 were | expl |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 few | cop |
| 31 | very | very | ADV | _ | 32 few | advmod |
| 32 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 used | parataxis |
| 33 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 knew | nsubj |
| 34 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 few | acl:relcl |
| 35 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 39 maiden | mark |
| 36 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 maiden | nsubj |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 maiden | cop |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 maiden | det |
| 39 | maiden | maiden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 knew | ccomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past | VASILÍSA = vasilísa | shot with VASILÍSA's gun parataxis | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | dress | to-infinitive | VASILÍSA = vasilísa not said here | male fashion | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | use | participle | male fashion not said here | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | sit | to-infinitive | horseback | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent astride horseback=Location | |||||
| 5 | do | past | VASILÍSA = vasilísa not said here | nothing | like other girls | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | is | past | few property | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | know | past | who nsubj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 8 | is | past | VASILÍSA = vasilísa | maiden property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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