Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 19, sentence 107
“This was the Tsar,” he said, “and I threatened him with my cutlass, just as though he had been my brother!”
Who acts: This, Tsar · What happens: be, say, threaten · To what, where: Tsar, brother · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, Tsar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Tsar | punct |
| 2 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 Tsar | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 Tsar | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Tsar | det |
| 5 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 said | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Tsar | punct |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Tsar | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 threatened | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 threatened | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 threatened | cc |
| 13 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 threatened | nsubj |
| 14 | threatened | threaten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | conj |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 threatened | obj |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 cutlass | case |
| 17 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 cutlass | nmod:poss |
| 18 | cutlass | cutlass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 threatened | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 as | punct |
| 20 | just | just | ADV | _ | 21 as | advmod |
| 21 | as | as | ADV | _ | 27 brother | advmod |
| 22 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 27 brother | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 brother | nsubj |
| 24 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 brother | aux |
| 25 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 27 brother | cop |
| 26 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 brother | nmod:poss |
| 27 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | obl |
| 28 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 27 brother | punct |
| 29 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 brother | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | past | This | the Tsar | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: express | past | the Tsar | TSAR nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | threaten in a quote | past | the Tsar = tsar | TSAR | with my cutlass | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | is a in a quote | past · perfect | TSAR | my brother | my nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/19/107/