Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 19, sentence 118
Tsar Alexander of Macedon never lost courage at seeing these strange folk, but he set to and waged warfare on them.
Who acts: Tsar Alexander, ALEXANDER · What happens: not lose, see, set, wage · To what, where: courage, strange folk, warfare
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar Alexander, ALEXANDER), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Alexander | compound |
| 2 | Alexander | Alexander | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 lost | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Macedon | case |
| 4 | Macedon | Macedon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Alexander | nmod |
| 5 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 6 lost | advmod |
| 6 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lost | obj |
| 8 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 9 seeing | mark |
| 9 | seeing | see | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 lost | advcl |
| 10 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 12 folk | det |
| 11 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 folk | amod |
| 12 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 seeing | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 set | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 set | cc |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 set | nsubj |
| 16 | set | set | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 lost | conj |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 set | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 waged | cc |
| 19 | waged | wage | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 set | conj |
| 20 | warfare | warfare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 waged | obj |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 them | case |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 waged | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 lost | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not lose | past | Tsar Alexander of Macedon | courage | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | see | gerund | Tsar Alexander of Macedon not said here | this strange folk | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer folk=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | set | past | ALEXANDER | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | wage | past | ALEXANDER not said here | warfare | on peoples = people | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/19/118/