Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 19, sentence 2
In a certain kingdom, in a certain State, lived a peasant who had two sons.
Who acts: peasant · What happens: live, have · To what, where: peasant, certain kingdom, two sons
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peasant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 kingdom | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 kingdom | det |
| 3 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 kingdom | amod |
| 4 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lived | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 State | punct |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 State | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 State | det |
| 8 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 State | amod |
| 9 | State | State | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 kingdom | appos |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 kingdom | punct |
| 11 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 peasant | det |
| 13 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lived | obj |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 had | nsubj |
| 15 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 peasant | acl:relcl |
| 16 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 sons | nummod |
| 17 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 had | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | a peasant | a certain kingdom | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme peasant=Location | ||||
| 2 | have | past | a peasant | two sons | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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