Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 19, sentence 20
The Tsar followed after him, swam over the river, leapt and leapt and looked; but the stag had vanished from view, and he had left the hunters far behind, and all around him was the thick dark forest.
Who acts: Tsar, stag · What happens: follow, swim, leapt, look, vanish, leave · To what, where: river, view, hunters, thick dark forest
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar, stag), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Tsar | det |
| 2 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 followed | nsubj |
| 3 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | after | after | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 followed | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 swam | punct |
| 7 | swam | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 followed | parataxis |
| 8 | over | over | ADP | _ | 10 river | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 river | det |
| 10 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 swam | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 leapt | punct |
| 12 | leapt | leapt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 swam | conj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 leapt | cc |
| 14 | leapt | leapt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 leapt | conj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 looked | cc |
| 16 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 leapt | conj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 vanished | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 vanished | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 stag | det |
| 20 | stag | stag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 vanished | nsubj |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 vanished | aux |
| 22 | vanished | vanish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 followed | parataxis |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 view | case |
| 24 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 vanished | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 left | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 left | cc |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 left | nsubj |
| 28 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 left | aux |
| 29 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 vanished | conj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 hunters | det |
| 31 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 left | obj |
| 32 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 33 behind | advmod |
| 33 | behind | behind | ADV | _ | 29 left | advmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 forest | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 forest | cc |
| 36 | all | all | ADV | _ | 43 forest | advmod |
| 37 | around | around | ADP | _ | 38 him | case |
| 38 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 forest | obl |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 forest | cop |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 forest | det |
| 41 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 forest | amod |
| 42 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 forest | amod |
| 43 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 vanished | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 followed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | past | the Tsar | after stag | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent after he=Theme | ||||
| 2 | swim | past | the river | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over river=Trajectory | |||||
| 3 | leapt | infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | leapt | infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | look | past | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||||
| 6 | vanish | past · perfect | the stag | view | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme from view=Initial_Location | ||||
| 7 | leave | past · perfect | stag | the hunters | behind property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunter=Theme | |||
| 8 | is a | past | the thick dark forest | around stag; all property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/19/20/