Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 2, sentence 22
“I tell you,” said the stepmother, “it must be done”; and the old Tsar consented.
Who acts: stepmother, old Tsar · What happens: tell, say, do, consent · To what, where: you, heifer · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stepmother, old Tsar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 tell | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 tell | nsubj |
| 3 | tell | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 tell | iobj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 tell | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 tell | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 tell | ccomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 stepmother | det |
| 9 | stepmother | stepmother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 done | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 done | punct |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 done | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 done | aux |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 done | aux:pass |
| 15 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 stepmother | acl:relcl |
| 16 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 done | punct |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 consented | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 consented | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Tsar | det |
| 20 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 Tsar | amod |
| 21 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 consented | nsubj |
| 22 | consented | consent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 tell | ccomp |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 tell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert in a quote | present | the stepmother = stepmother | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the stepmother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | do in a quote | must · passive | the stepmother not said here | heifer | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | consent | past | the old Tsar | vn acquiesce-95.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/2/22/