Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 2, sentence 57
Iván Tsarévich took the spindle and broke it in halves, threw the dull end behind him and the sharp one in front; and his beautiful young wife stood in front of him, and they went home.
Who acts: Iván, beautiful young wife, halves · What happens: take, break, throw, stand, go · To what, where: spindle, halves, dull end, front
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, beautiful young wife, halves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 took | nsubj |
| 2 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Iván | flat |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 spindle | det |
| 5 | spindle | spindle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 broke | cc |
| 7 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 broke | obj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 halves | case |
| 10 | halves | half | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 broke | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 threw | punct |
| 12 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | parataxis |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 end | det |
| 14 | dull | dull | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 end | amod |
| 15 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 threw | obj |
| 16 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 17 him | case |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 threw | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 one | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 one | det |
| 20 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 one | amod |
| 21 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 threw | conj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 front | case |
| 23 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 one | nmod |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 stood | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 stood | cc |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 wife | nmod:poss |
| 27 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 wife | amod |
| 28 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 wife | amod |
| 29 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 stood | nsubj |
| 30 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 front | case |
| 32 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 stood | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 him | case |
| 34 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 front | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 went | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 went | cc |
| 37 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 went | nsubj |
| 38 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 39 | home | home | ADV | _ | 38 went | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | Iván | the spindle | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spindle=Theme | ||||
| 2 | break | past | Iván not said here | spindle | halves | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Patient | |||
| 3 | throw | past | the dull end | behind Iván; the sharp one in front conj | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent end=Theme behind he=Destination | ||||
| 4 | stand | past | Iván's beautiful young wife | front of Iván | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in front=Location | ||||
| 5 | go | past | halves = half | home property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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