Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 2, sentence 85
In a certain house he could hear the sound of lamentation and cries of grief: he went in there, and two youths lay dead.
Who acts: corner, two youths · What happens: hear, cry, go in, lay · To what, where: sound, certain house
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (corner, two youths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 house | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 house | det |
| 3 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 house | amod |
| 4 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 hear | obl |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 hear | nsubj |
| 6 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 hear | aux |
| 7 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 sound | det |
| 9 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 hear | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 lamentation | case |
| 11 | lamentation | lamentation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 sound | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 cries | cc |
| 13 | cries | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 hear | conj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 grief | case |
| 15 | grief | grief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 cries | obl |
| 16 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 went | punct |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 went | nsubj |
| 18 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 hear | parataxis |
| 19 | in | in | ADV | _ | 18 went | advmod |
| 20 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 18 went | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 lay | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 lay | cc |
| 23 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 youths | nummod |
| 24 | youths | youth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 lay | nsubj |
| 25 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 went | advcl |
| 26 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 lay | xcomp |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 hear | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | could | corner | the sound of lamentation | a certain house | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | cry speech: express | present | corner not said here | of grief | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | go in | past | corner | there | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | lay | present | two youths | dead property | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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