Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 20, sentence 110
The first said: “I started a quarrel between two peasants, backed up the one who was in the wrong; and the one, who was in the right, had his hand hacked off.”
Who acts: first, two peasants, one, hand · What happens: say, start, back up, be, have, hack off · To what, where: quarrel, one, right · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first, two peasants, one, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 first | det |
| 2 | first | first | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 started | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 started | punct |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 started | nsubj |
| 7 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 quarrel | det |
| 9 | quarrel | quarrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 started | obj |
| 10 | between | between | ADP | _ | 12 peasants | case |
| 11 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 peasants | nummod |
| 12 | peasants | peasant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 quarrel | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 backed | punct |
| 14 | backed | back | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 peasants | acl |
| 15 | up | up | ADP | _ | 14 backed | compound:prt |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 one | det |
| 17 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 backed | obj |
| 18 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 wrong | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 wrong | cop |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 wrong | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 wrong | det |
| 22 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 one | acl:relcl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 one | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 one | cc |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 one | det |
| 26 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 right | punct |
| 28 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 right | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 right | cop |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 right | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 right | det |
| 32 | right | right | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 one | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 had | punct |
| 34 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 35 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 hand | nmod:poss |
| 36 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 hacked | nsubj |
| 37 | hacked | hack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 had | ccomp |
| 38 | off | off | ADP | _ | 37 hacked | compound:prt |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the first | the one conj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | start in a quote | past | the first = first | a quarrel | between two peasants | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quarrel=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | back up in a quote | participle | two peasants not said here | the one | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | past | the one | wrong property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is in a quote | past | the one | the right | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | have in a quote | past | the first not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | hack off in a quote | past | first's hand | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/20/110/