Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 20, sentence 123
Once he met his former companion, who was very much astonished, and asked: “How is it you have become so rich, and how did you grow your hand on again?”
Who acts: peasant, former companion, companion, you · What happens: meet, be, ask, grow on · To what, where: former companion, hand · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peasant, former companion, companion, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | SCONJ | _ | 3 met | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 met | nsubj |
| 3 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 asked | advcl |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 companion | nmod:poss |
| 5 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 companion | amod |
| 6 | companion | companion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 met | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 astonished | punct |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 astonished | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 astonished | cop |
| 10 | very | very | ADV | _ | 11 much | advmod |
| 11 | much | much | ADV | _ | 12 astonished | advmod |
| 12 | astonished | astonished | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 companion | acl:relcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 asked | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 asked | cc |
| 15 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 asked | punct |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 become | punct |
| 18 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 23 become | advmod |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 become | cop |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 become | nsubj |
| 21 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 23 become | nsubj |
| 22 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 become | aux |
| 23 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 asked | conj |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 rich | advmod |
| 25 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 become | xcomp |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 grow | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 grow | cc |
| 28 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 31 grow | advmod |
| 29 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 grow | aux |
| 30 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 31 grow | nsubj |
| 31 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 asked | ccomp |
| 32 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 hand | nmod:poss |
| 33 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 grow | obj |
| 34 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 grow | compound:prt |
| 35 | again | again | ADV | _ | 31 grow | advmod |
| 36 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 31 grow | punct |
| 37 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 grow | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | meet | past | peasant | peasant's former companion | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent companion=Co-Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | past | peasant's former companion | astonished property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present · perfect | companion | you nsubj; become, rich property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | grow on in a quote | past · do-support | you | your hand | again | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hand=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/20/123/