Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 20, sentence 46
He put one round of bread to his cheek and piled one on another; on his tongue he put an entire swan, and he thrust off all the pastry and swallowed it all at a gulp.
Who acts: Prince · What happens: put, pile, thrust, swallow · To what, where: one round, one, another, entire swan, tongue, swan
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 put | nsubj |
| 2 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 round | nummod |
| 4 | round | round | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 put | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 bread | case |
| 6 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 round | nmod |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 cheek | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 cheek | nmod:poss |
| 9 | cheek | cheek | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 put | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 piled | cc |
| 11 | piled | pile | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 put | conj |
| 12 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 piled | obj |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 another | case |
| 14 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 one | nmod |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 put | punct |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 tongue | case |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 tongue | nmod:poss |
| 18 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 put | obl |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 put | nsubj |
| 20 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 put | parataxis |
| 21 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 swan | det |
| 22 | entire | entire | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 swan | amod |
| 23 | swan | swan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 put | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 thrust | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 thrust | cc |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 thrust | nsubj |
| 27 | thrust | thrust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 put | obl |
| 28 | off | off | ADP | _ | 31 pastry | case |
| 29 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 31 pastry | det:predet |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 pastry | det |
| 31 | pastry | pastry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 thrust | nmod |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 swallowed | cc |
| 33 | swallowed | swallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 put | conj |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 swallowed | obj |
| 35 | all | all | ADV | _ | 38 gulp | advmod |
| 36 | at | at | ADP | _ | 38 gulp | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 gulp | det |
| 38 | gulp | gulp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 swallowed | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 put | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put | past | Prince | one round of bread | to Prince's cheek | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent round=Goal | |||
| 2 | pile | past | Prince not said here | one | another | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent one=Theme on another=Destination | |||
| 3 | put | past | Prince | a entire swan | Prince's tongue | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent swan=Theme on tongue=Destination | |||
| 4 | thrust | Prince | off all pastry | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | swallow | past | Prince not said here | swan | a gulp advcl | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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