Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 20, sentence 6
“They lived in the white world, and they used to say: ‘How pleasant it really might be to live in this world!
Who acts: men, world · What happens: live, use, say, be · To what, where: white world, world · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, world), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 lived | punct |
| 2 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 world | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 world | det |
| 6 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 world | amod |
| 7 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lived | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 used | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 used | cc |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 used | nsubj |
| 11 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lived | conj |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 say | mark |
| 13 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 used | xcomp |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 pleasant | punct |
| 15 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 17 pleasant | punct |
| 16 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 pleasant | advmod |
| 17 | pleasant | pleasant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 lived | conj |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 be | nsubj |
| 19 | really | really | ADV | _ | 21 be | advmod |
| 20 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 be | aux |
| 21 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 pleasant | ccomp |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 live | mark |
| 23 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 be | xcomp |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 world | case |
| 25 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 26 world | det |
| 26 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 live | obl |
| 27 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 3 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live in a quote | past | men = man | the white world | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in world=Location | ||||
| 2 | use in a quote | past | men = man | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert in a quote | to-infinitive | men = man not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | be in a quote | might | world | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | live in a quote | to-infinitive | world not said here | this world | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in world=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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