Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 20, sentence 79
He is guiding his horse uphill and he is playing with a little head: he is throwing the little head sky-high, and is catching the little head on the point of his sharp lance.
Who acts: Marýshko · What happens: guide, play, throw, catch, point · To what, where: horse uphill, little head, point, sharp lance
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Marýshko), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 guiding | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 guiding | aux |
| 3 | guiding | guide | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 uphill | nmod:poss |
| 5 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 uphill | compound |
| 6 | uphill | uphill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 guiding | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 playing | cc |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 playing | nsubj |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 playing | aux |
| 10 | playing | play | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 guiding | conj |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 head | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 head | det |
| 13 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 head | amod |
| 14 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 playing | obl |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 throwing | punct |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 throwing | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 throwing | aux |
| 18 | throwing | throw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 guiding | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 head | det |
| 20 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 head | amod |
| 21 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 throwing | obj |
| 22 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 throwing | obj |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 sky | punct |
| 24 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 sky | amod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 catching | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 catching | cc |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 catching | aux |
| 28 | catching | catch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 throwing | conj |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 head | det |
| 30 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 head | amod |
| 31 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 catching | obj |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 point | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 point | det |
| 34 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 catching | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 lance | case |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 lance | nmod:poss |
| 37 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 lance | amod |
| 38 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 point | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 guiding | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | guide | present · progressive | Marýshko | Marýshko's horse uphill | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent uphill=Theme | ||||
| 2 | play | present · progressive | Marýshko | with a little head | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with head=Theme | ||||
| 3 | throw | present · progressive | Marýshko | the little head | sky obj | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent head=Destination sky=Theme | |||
| 4 | catch | present · progressive | Marýshko not said here | the little head | the point of Marýshko's sharp lance | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | |||
| 5 | point | Marýshko's sharp lance | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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