Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 21, sentence 103
The old man said to Iván: “Why, Ivánushka, why are you so miserable and hang your head?”
Who acts: old man, Iván · What happens: say, be, hang · To what, where: Iván, head · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 man | det |
| 2 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 man | amod |
| 3 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Iván | case |
| 6 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 Ivánushka | punct |
| 8 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Ivánushka | punct |
| 9 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 Ivánushka | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Ivánushka | punct |
| 11 | Ivánushka | Ivánushka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | parataxis |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 miserable | punct |
| 13 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 miserable | advmod |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 miserable | cop |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 miserable | nsubj |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 miserable | advmod |
| 17 | miserable | miserable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 Ivánushka | parataxis |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 hang | cc |
| 19 | hang | hang | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 miserable | conj |
| 20 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 head | nmod:poss |
| 21 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 hang | obj |
| 22 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 11 Ivánushka | punct |
| 23 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Ivánushka | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | past | the old man | Iván | Ivánushka parataxis | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to iván=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | Iván | miserable property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | hang in a quote | infinitive | Iván not said here | your head | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/21/103/