Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 21, sentence 13
In the meantime the poor man had wrapped a stone in a cloth and was threatening the judge with it behind the brother’s back, for he was thinking, “If the judge goes against me, I will kill him.”
Who acts: man, judge · What happens: wrap, threaten, think, go, kill · To what, where: poor man, meantime, judge, man · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, judge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 meantime | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 meantime | det |
| 3 | meantime | meantime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 wrapped | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 man | det |
| 5 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 man | amod |
| 6 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 wrapped | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 wrapped | aux |
| 8 | wrapped | wrap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 stone | det |
| 10 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 wrapped | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 cloth | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 cloth | det |
| 13 | cloth | cloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 wrapped | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 threatening | cc |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 threatening | aux |
| 16 | threatening | threaten | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 ’s | csubj |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 judge | det |
| 18 | judge | judge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 threatening | obj |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 it | case |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 threatening | obl |
| 21 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 23 brother | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 brother | det |
| 23 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 threatening | obl |
| 24 | ’s | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 wrapped | parataxis |
| 25 | back | back | ADV | _ | 24 ’s | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 thinking | punct |
| 27 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 30 thinking | mark |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 thinking | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 thinking | aux |
| 30 | thinking | think | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 ’s | advcl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 kill | punct |
| 32 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 kill | punct |
| 33 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 36 goes | mark |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 judge | det |
| 35 | judge | judge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 goes | nsubj |
| 36 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 kill | advcl |
| 37 | against | against | ADP | _ | 38 me | case |
| 38 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 goes | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 goes | punct |
| 40 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 42 kill | nsubj |
| 41 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 kill | aux |
| 42 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 thinking | conj |
| 43 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 kill | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 30 thinking | punct |
| 45 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 thinking | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wrap | past · perfect · passive | the poor man | the meantime | in a cloth; a stone obj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | threaten | past · progressive | the judge | with cloth; behind the brother | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus judge=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | past · progressive | man | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | go a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | the judge | against man | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme against i=Location | ||||
| 5 | kill in a quote | future | man | man | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/21/13/