Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 21, sentence 16
Once again the poor man lifted up the same stone in a menacing way against the judge, behind the peasant’s back.
Who acts: poor man · What happens: lift up, menace · To what, where: same stone, menacing way
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 2 again | advmod |
| 2 | again | again | ADV | _ | 6 lifted | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 man | det |
| 4 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 man | amod |
| 5 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lifted | nsubj |
| 6 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | up | up | ADP | _ | 6 lifted | compound:prt |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 stone | det |
| 9 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 stone | amod |
| 10 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lifted | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 way | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 way | det |
| 13 | menacing | menace | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 way | amod |
| 14 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lifted | obl |
| 15 | against | against | ADP | _ | 17 judge | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 judge | det |
| 17 | judge | judge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 way | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 back | punct |
| 19 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 23 back | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 peasant | det |
| 21 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 back | nmod:poss |
| 22 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 21 peasant | case |
| 23 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lifted | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 lifted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift up | past | the poor man | the same stone | a menacing way against the judge | again | behind the peasant's back | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme in way=Destination behind back=Initial_Location | |
| 2 | menace | gerund | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/21/16/