Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 21, sentence 42
For we have already lived out our life; and this is as it must be.
Who acts: we, this · What happens: live out, be · To what, where: life
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | SCONJ | _ | 5 lived | mark |
| 2 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 lived | aux |
| 4 | already | already | ADV | _ | 5 lived | advmod |
| 5 | lived | live | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | out | out | ADP | _ | 5 lived | compound:prt |
| 7 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 life | nmod:poss |
| 8 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 lived | obj |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 5 lived | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 be | cc |
| 11 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 14 it | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 it | cop |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 it | case |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 be | obl |
| 15 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 be | aux |
| 16 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 lived | conj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live out | present · perfect | we | our life | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location | ||||
| 2 | is | present | this | as life | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | must | we not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/21/42/