Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 21, sentence 52
On the first Sunday he called the Pope in, had a Mass said for his parents, chanted a prayer to St. Nicholas the Wonder-Worker, and took the image into the shop, so that he might gaze at it constantly; and thereafter, whenever he went into the shop, he used first of all to pray before the image, and afterwards he began to trade.
Who acts: Iván, Mass · What happens: call, have, say, chant, take, gaze · To what, where: Pope, prayer, Nicholas, image, shop · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, Mass), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 Sunday | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Sunday | det |
| 3 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 Sunday | amod |
| 4 | Sunday | Sunday | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 called | obl |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 called | nsubj |
| 6 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Pope | det |
| 8 | Pope | Pope | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 called | obj |
| 9 | in | in | ADV | _ | 6 called | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 had | punct |
| 11 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 called | conj |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 Mass | det |
| 13 | Mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 said | nsubj |
| 14 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 had | ccomp |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 parents | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 parents | nmod:poss |
| 17 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 said | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 chanted | punct |
| 19 | chanted | chant | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 said | conj |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 prayer | det |
| 21 | prayer | prayer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 chanted | obj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 Nicholas | case |
| 23 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Nicholas | nmod:desc |
| 24 | Nicholas | Nicholas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 chanted | obl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Worker | det |
| 26 | Wonder | Wonder | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Worker | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 Worker | punct |
| 28 | Worker | Worker | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Nicholas | appos |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 took | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 took | cc |
| 31 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 chanted | parataxis |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 image | det |
| 33 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 took | obj |
| 34 | into | into | ADP | _ | 36 shop | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 shop | det |
| 36 | shop | shop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 took | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 gaze | punct |
| 38 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 42 gaze | mark |
| 39 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 38 so | fixed |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 gaze | nsubj |
| 41 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 gaze | aux |
| 42 | gaze | gaze | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 took | conj |
| 43 | at | at | ADP | _ | 44 it | case |
| 44 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 gaze | obl |
| 45 | constantly | constantly | ADV | _ | 42 gaze | advmod |
| 46 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 52 went | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 thereafter | cc |
| 48 | thereafter | thereafter | ADV | _ | 52 went | advmod |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 went | punct |
| 50 | whenever | whenever | ADV | PronType=Rel | 52 went | advmod |
| 51 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 went | nsubj |
| 52 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 called | parataxis |
| 53 | into | into | ADP | _ | 55 shop | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 shop | det |
| 55 | shop | shop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 went | obl |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 used | punct |
| 57 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 used | nsubj |
| 58 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 went | conj |
| 59 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 58 used | advmod |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 61 all | case |
| 61 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 58 used | obl |
| 62 | to | to | PART | _ | 63 pray | mark |
| 63 | pray | pray | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 58 used | advcl |
| 64 | before | before | ADP | _ | 66 image | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 image | det |
| 66 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 pray | obl |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 began | punct |
| 68 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 71 began | cc |
| 69 | afterwards | afterwards | ADV | _ | 71 began | advmod |
| 70 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 71 began | nsubj |
| 71 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 went | conj |
| 72 | to | to | PART | _ | 73 trade | mark |
| 73 | trade | trade | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 71 began | xcomp |
| 74 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | past | Iván | the Pope | sunday | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pope=Recipient | |||
| 2 | have | past | Iván not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | a Mass | for Iván's parents | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | chant | past | a Mass not said here | a prayer | Nicholas St. | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent prayer=Topic to nicholas=Recipient | |||
| 5 | take | past | the image | the shop | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent image=Theme into shop=Destination | ||||
| 6 | gaze | might | Iván | at image; constantly property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at it=Theme | ||||
| 7 | go | past | Iván | the shop | thereafter, whenever property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into shop=Initial_Location | |||
| 8 | use | past | Iván | of all; first property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 9 | pray | to-infinitive | Iván not said here | before the image | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 10 | begin | past | Iván | afterwards property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 11 | trade | to-infinitive | Iván not said here | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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