Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 21, sentence 55
Iván was very fond of him, and when a new clerk had to be engaged for the new shop, he said to this old man: “Grandfather, I do not know thy hallowed name; I do not know, father, how to call thee; only do not be angry with me, for I have built a new shop, and I have no clerk.
Who acts: Iván, new clerk, thy · What happens: be, have, engage, say, not know, hallow · To what, where: old man, hallowed name, thee, new shop, clerk · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, new clerk, thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 fond | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 fond | cop |
| 3 | very | very | ADV | _ | 4 fond | advmod |
| 4 | fond | fond | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 him | case |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 fond | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 had | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 had | cc |
| 9 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 had | advmod |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 clerk | det |
| 11 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 clerk | amod |
| 12 | clerk | clerk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 had | nsubj |
| 13 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 fond | parataxis |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 engaged | mark |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 engaged | aux:pass |
| 16 | engaged | engage | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 had | xcomp |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 shop | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 shop | det |
| 19 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 shop | amod |
| 20 | shop | shop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 engaged | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 said | punct |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 said | nsubj |
| 23 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 fond | parataxis |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 man | case |
| 25 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 27 man | det |
| 26 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 man | amod |
| 27 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 said | obl |
| 28 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 Grandfather | punct |
| 29 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 Grandfather | punct |
| 30 | Grandfather | grandfather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 man | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 know | punct |
| 32 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 know | nsubj |
| 33 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 know | aux |
| 34 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 35 know | advmod |
| 35 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 said | conj |
| 36 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 38 name | nmod:poss |
| 37 | hallowed | hallow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 name | amod |
| 38 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 know | obj |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 know | punct |
| 40 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 know | nsubj |
| 41 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 know | aux |
| 42 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 43 know | advmod |
| 43 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 fond | parataxis |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 father | punct |
| 45 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 know | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 call | punct |
| 47 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 49 call | advmod |
| 48 | to | to | PART | _ | 49 call | mark |
| 49 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 father | acl:relcl |
| 50 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 49 call | obj |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 56 angry | punct |
| 52 | only | only | ADV | _ | 56 angry | advmod |
| 53 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 56 angry | aux |
| 54 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 56 angry | advmod |
| 55 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 56 angry | cop |
| 56 | angry | angry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 fond | conj |
| 57 | with | with | ADP | _ | 58 me | case |
| 58 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 56 angry | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 built | punct |
| 60 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 63 built | mark |
| 61 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 63 built | nsubj |
| 62 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 63 built | aux |
| 63 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 56 angry | advcl |
| 64 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 66 shop | det |
| 65 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 shop | amod |
| 66 | shop | shop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 built | obj |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 have | punct |
| 68 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 70 have | cc |
| 69 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 70 have | nsubj |
| 70 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 fond | conj |
| 71 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 72 clerk | det |
| 72 | clerk | clerk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 have | obj |
| 73 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 fond | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Iván | of Himself; fond property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | have | past | a new clerk | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | engage | to-infinitive · passive | a new clerk not said here | for the new shop | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-2 «NP V» | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | Iván | this old man and Grandfather | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to man=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | not know in a quote | present · do-support | Iván | thy hallowed name | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer name=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | hallow in a quote | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | not know in a quote | present · do-support | Iván | father conj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 8 | call in a quote | to-infinitive | Iván not said here | thee | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient | ||||
| 9 | not is in a quote | infinitive · do-support | Iván not said here | with Iván; angry property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | build in a quote | present · perfect | Iván | a new shop | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shop=Product | ||||
| 11 | have in a quote | present | Iván | no clerk | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clerk=Patient | ||||
| 12 | name in a quote | thy | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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