Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 21, sentence 75
But the old man answered and said: “Oh, Ivánushka, Ivánushka, you have had little experience; and I tell you that any single one of these bricks is worth more than all the wares of which the robbers plundered you!”
Who acts: old man, you, single one, robbers · What happens: answer, say, have, tell, be, plunder · To what, where: little experience, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, you, single one, robbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 answered | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 man | det |
| 3 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 man | amod |
| 4 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 answered | nsubj |
| 5 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 said | cc |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 answered | conj |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 Ivánushka | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 Ivánushka | punct |
| 10 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 12 Ivánushka | discourse |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Oh | punct |
| 12 | Ivánushka | Ivánushka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | ccomp |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Ivánushka | punct |
| 14 | Ivánushka | Ivánushka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Ivánushka | flat |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 had | punct |
| 16 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 had | nsubj |
| 17 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 had | aux |
| 18 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 Ivánushka | parataxis |
| 19 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 experience | amod |
| 20 | experience | experience | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 had | obj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 tell | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 tell | cc |
| 23 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 tell | nsubj |
| 24 | tell | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 answered | ccomp |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 24 tell | iobj |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 34 worth | mark |
| 27 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 29 one | det |
| 28 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 one | amod |
| 29 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 worth | nsubj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 bricks | case |
| 31 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 32 bricks | det |
| 32 | bricks | brick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 one | nmod |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 worth | cop |
| 34 | worth | worth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 tell | ccomp |
| 35 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 34 worth | obj |
| 36 | than | than | ADP | _ | 39 wares | case |
| 37 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 39 wares | det:predet |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 wares | det |
| 39 | wares | ware | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 worth | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 which | case |
| 41 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 plundered | obl |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 robbers | det |
| 43 | robbers | robber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 plundered | nsubj |
| 44 | plundered | plunder | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 wares | acl:relcl |
| 45 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 44 plundered | obj |
| 46 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 24 tell | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 tell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | answer speech: express | past | the old man | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the old man not said here | Ivánushka ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | have in a quote | present · perfect | you | little experience | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experience=Patient | ||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert in a quote | present | the old man = man | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | any single one of this bricks | than all wares; worth property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | plunder in a quote | past | the robbers | you | of all wares | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent you=Source of which=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/21/75/