Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 22, sentence 46
He lit the firewood; and when it was in flame he took Olyóna, threw her down, trod on one leg, and pulled her apart into two halves, taking hold of the other leg.
Who acts: firewood, ship, flame · What happens: light, be, take, throw down, pull, hold · To what, where: firewood, flame, Olyóna, one leg, two halves, hold
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (firewood, ship, flame), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 lit | nsubj |
| 2 | lit | light | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 firewood | det |
| 4 | firewood | firewood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lit | obj |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 took | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 took | cc |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 flame | advmod |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 flame | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 flame | cop |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 flame | case |
| 11 | flame | flame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 took | nsubj |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 took | nsubj |
| 13 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 lit | parataxis |
| 14 | Olyóna | Olyóna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 took | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 threw | punct |
| 16 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 took | conj |
| 17 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 threw | obj |
| 18 | down | down | ADP | _ | 16 threw | compound:prt |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 trod | punct |
| 20 | trod | trod | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 threw | obl |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 leg | case |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 leg | nummod |
| 23 | leg | leg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 threw | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 pulled | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 pulled | cc |
| 26 | pulled | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 took | conj |
| 27 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 pulled | obj |
| 28 | apart | apart | ADV | _ | 26 pulled | advmod |
| 29 | into | into | ADP | _ | 31 halves | case |
| 30 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 halves | nummod |
| 31 | halves | half | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 pulled | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 taking | punct |
| 33 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 pulled | advcl |
| 34 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 taking | obj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 leg | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 leg | det |
| 37 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 leg | amod |
| 38 | leg | leg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 hold | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 lit | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | light | past | firewood | the firewood | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firewood=Product | ||||
| 2 | is | past | ship | flame | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | take | past | flame | Olyóna | firewood nsubj | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument olyóna=Destination | |||
| 4 | throw down | past | flame not said here | flame | one leg | trod obl | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent she=Theme on leg=Destination | ||
| 5 | pull | past | flame not said here | flame | two halves | apart property | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP ADJP-Result»: agent=Agent she=Result | ||
| 6 | take | gerund | flame not said here | hold of the other leg | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme | ||||
| 7 | hold | the other leg | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/22/46/