Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 23, sentence 35
Then the witch said, “Iván Tsarévich must put himself on one balance and I will put myself on the other, and if I am the heavier I will eat him up; and, if he is the heavier he shall lay me low.”
Who acts: witch, Iván · What happens: say, put, be, eat up, lay · To what, where: Iván, one balance, witch, other · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (witch, Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 said | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 witch | det |
| 3 | witch | witch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 put | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 put | punct |
| 7 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 put | nsubj |
| 8 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Iván | flat |
| 9 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 put | aux |
| 10 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 said | ccomp |
| 11 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 10 put | obj |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 balance | case |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 balance | nummod |
| 14 | balance | balance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 put | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 put | cc |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 put | nsubj |
| 17 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 put | aux |
| 18 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 put | conj |
| 19 | myself | myself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 18 put | obj |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 other | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 other | det |
| 22 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 put | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 heavier | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 heavier | cc |
| 25 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 29 heavier | mark |
| 26 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 heavier | nsubj |
| 27 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 heavier | cop |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 heavier | det |
| 29 | heavier | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 said | parataxis |
| 30 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 eat | nsubj |
| 31 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 eat | aux |
| 32 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 heavier | parataxis |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 eat | obj |
| 34 | up | up | ADP | _ | 32 eat | compound:prt |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 heavier | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 heavier | cc |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 and | punct |
| 38 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 42 heavier | mark |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 heavier | nsubj |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 heavier | cop |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 heavier | det |
| 42 | heavier | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 said | parataxis |
| 43 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 lay | nsubj |
| 44 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 lay | aux |
| 45 | lay | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 heavier | parataxis |
| 46 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 45 lay | obj |
| 47 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 lay | xcomp |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
| 49 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the witch | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | put in a quote | must | Iván | Iván | one balance | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme on balance=Destination | |||
| 3 | put in a quote | future | the witch = witch | the witch = witch | the other | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent myself=Theme on other=Destination | |||
| 4 | is a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | the witch = witch | heavy property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | eat up in a quote | future | the witch = witch | Iván | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 6 | is a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | Iván | heavy property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | lay in a quote | shall | Iván | the witch = witch | low property | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/23/35/