Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 23, sentence 4
And he mounted the hill a third time, and this time he was forced to say why he was sad, and beg the Sister of the Sun for leave to go home to see what had been happening, like a doughty youth.
Who acts: wind, time · What happens: mount, force, say, be, beg, go · To what, where: hill, time, Sister · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wind, time), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 mounted | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 mounted | nsubj |
| 3 | mounted | mount | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 hill | det |
| 5 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 mounted | obj |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 time | det |
| 7 | third | third | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 8 time | amod |
| 8 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 mounted | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 forced | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 forced | cc |
| 11 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 time | det |
| 12 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 forced | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 forced | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 forced | aux:pass |
| 15 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 mounted | parataxis |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 say | mark |
| 17 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 forced | xcomp |
| 18 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 sad | advmod |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 sad | nsubj |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 sad | cop |
| 21 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 say | ccomp |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 beg | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 beg | cc |
| 24 | beg | beg | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 forced | conj |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Sister | det |
| 26 | Sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 beg | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 Sun | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Sun | det |
| 29 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Sister | nmod |
| 30 | for | for | ADP | _ | 31 leave | case |
| 31 | leave | leave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 beg | obl |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 go | mark |
| 33 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 beg | advcl |
| 34 | home | home | ADV | _ | 33 go | advmod |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 see | mark |
| 36 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 go | advcl |
| 37 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 40 happening | nsubj |
| 38 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 happening | aux |
| 39 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 40 happening | aux |
| 40 | happening | happen | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 see | ccomp |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 youth | punct |
| 42 | like | like | ADP | _ | 45 youth | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 youth | det |
| 44 | doughty | doughty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 youth | amod |
| 45 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 happening | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 mounted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mount | past | wind | the hill | time | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hill=Patient | |||
| 2 | force | past · passive | this time | wind nsubj:pass | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | this time not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | past | wind | sad property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | beg speech: request | infinitive | the Sister of the Sun | for leave | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent sister=Recipient for leave=Topic | ||||
| 6 | go | to-infinitive | home property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | see | to-infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||||
| 8 | happen | past · perfect · progressive | like a doughty youth; what nsubj | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/23/4/