Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 23, sentence 42
Then a dark cloud appeared in the sky, and a fearful clap of thunder was heard.
Who acts: dark cloud · What happens: appear, hear, clap · To what, where: sky, fearful clap, thunder
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dark cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 appeared | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 cloud | det |
| 3 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 cloud | amod |
| 4 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 appeared | nsubj |
| 5 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 sky | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 sky | det |
| 8 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 appeared | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 heard | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 heard | cc |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 clap | det |
| 12 | fearful | fearful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 clap | amod |
| 13 | clap | clap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 thunder | case |
| 15 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 clap | nmod |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 heard | aux:pass |
| 17 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 appeared | conj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 appeared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear | past | a dark cloud | the sky | then | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sky=Location | |||
| 2 | hear | past · passive | a fearful clap of thunder | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | clap | thunder | nom clap «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/23/42/