Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 24, sentence 112
So, with his wallet on his back and his gun on his shoulder, he began to bid farewell to his comrades, who asked him, “Where are you going?
Who acts: soldier, comrades · What happens: begin, bid, ask, go · To what, where: farewell, soldier · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soldier, comrades), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 17 began | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 So | punct |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 wallet | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 wallet | nmod:poss |
| 5 | wallet | wallet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 began | obl |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 back | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 back | nmod:poss |
| 8 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 wallet | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 gun | cc |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 gun | nmod:poss |
| 11 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 wallet | conj |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 shoulder | case |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 shoulder | nmod:poss |
| 14 | shoulder | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gun | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 wallet | punct |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 began | nsubj |
| 17 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 bid | mark |
| 19 | bid | bid | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 began | xcomp |
| 20 | farewell | farewell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 bid | obj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 comrades | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 comrades | nmod:poss |
| 23 | comrades | comrade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 bid | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 asked | punct |
| 25 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 asked | nsubj |
| 26 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 comrades | acl:relcl |
| 27 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 asked | iobj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 going | punct |
| 29 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 going | punct |
| 30 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 33 going | advmod |
| 31 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 going | aux |
| 32 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 33 going | nsubj |
| 33 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 bid | advcl |
| 34 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 17 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | soldier | with soldier's wallet on soldier's back and soldier's gun on soldier's shoulder | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | bid | to-infinitive | soldier not said here | farewell | to soldier's comrades | tree rules | |||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | soldier's comrades | soldier | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | go in a quote | present · progressive | soldier | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/24/112/