Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 24, sentence 125
All is not well in my garden: somebody is breaking my best-loved trees, and you must endeavour to preserve them; and, as to the reward for your labour, you shall not fare ill.”
Who acts: All, somebody, you · What happens: not be, break, love, endeavour, preserve, not fare · To what, where: garden, best loved trees, trees
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (All, somebody, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 garden | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 garden | cop |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 garden | advmod |
| 4 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 garden | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 garden | case |
| 6 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 garden | nmod:poss |
| 7 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 breaking | punct |
| 9 | somebody | somebody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 11 breaking | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 breaking | aux |
| 11 | breaking | break | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 garden | parataxis |
| 12 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 trees | nmod:poss |
| 13 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 16 trees | amod |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 best | punct |
| 15 | loved | love | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 trees | amod |
| 16 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 breaking | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 endeavour | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 endeavour | cc |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 21 endeavour | nsubj |
| 20 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 endeavour | aux |
| 21 | endeavour | endeavour | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 breaking | conj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 preserve | mark |
| 23 | preserve | preserve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 endeavour | xcomp |
| 24 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 preserve | obj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 fare | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 fare | cc |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 and | punct |
| 28 | as | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 31 reward | case |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 as | fixed |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 reward | det |
| 31 | reward | reward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 fare | obl |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 labour | case |
| 33 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 labour | nmod:poss |
| 34 | labour | labour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 reward | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 reward | punct |
| 36 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 39 fare | nsubj |
| 37 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 fare | aux |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 fare | advmod |
| 39 | fare | fare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 garden | conj |
| 40 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 fare | xcomp |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 garden | punct |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 garden | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | present | All | my garden | my nmod:poss; well property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | break | present · progressive | somebody | my best loved trees | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tree=Patient | ||||
| 3 | love | participle | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | endeavour | must | you | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | preserve | to-infinitive | you not said here | trees = tree | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | not fare | shall | you | as the reward for your labour; ill property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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