Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 24, sentence 16
Koshchéy leaped on his horse, caught up Iván Tsarévich, broke him up into tiny bits, put them into a tar cask, took this cask, locked it with iron bolts and threw it into the blue sea.
Who acts: Koshchéy, horse · What happens: leap, catch up, break up, put, take, lock · To what, where: Iván, Koshchéy, tiny bits, bits, tar cask, cask
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Koshchéy, horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Koshchéy | Koshchéy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 leaped | nsubj |
| 2 | leaped | leap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 horse | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 horse | nmod:poss |
| 5 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 leaped | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 caught | punct |
| 7 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 horse | acl |
| 8 | up | up | ADP | _ | 7 caught | compound:prt |
| 9 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 caught | obl |
| 10 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Iván | flat |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 broke | punct |
| 12 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 leaped | conj |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 broke | obj |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 broke | compound:prt |
| 15 | into | into | ADP | _ | 17 bits | case |
| 16 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 bits | amod |
| 17 | bits | bit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 broke | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 put | punct |
| 19 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 leaped | conj |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 put | obj |
| 21 | into | into | ADP | _ | 24 cask | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 cask | det |
| 23 | tar | tar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 cask | compound |
| 24 | cask | cask | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 put | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 took | punct |
| 26 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 leaped | parataxis |
| 27 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 28 cask | det |
| 28 | cask | cask | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 took | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 locked | punct |
| 30 | locked | lock | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 took | conj |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 locked | obj |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 bolts | case |
| 33 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 bolts | compound |
| 34 | bolts | bolt | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 locked | obl |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 threw | cc |
| 36 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 locked | conj |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 threw | obj |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 41 sea | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 sea | det |
| 40 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 sea | amod |
| 41 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 threw | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 leaped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leap | past | Koshchéy | on Koshchéy's horse | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on horse=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | catch up | participle | Koshchéy's horse not said here | Iván | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | break up | past | Koshchéy not said here | Koshchéy | into tiny bits result | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent he=Patient into bit=Result | |||
| 4 | put | infinitive | Koshchéy not said here | bits = bit | a tar cask | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Goal | |||
| 5 | take | past | this cask | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cask=Theme | |||||
| 6 | lock | past | cask | with iron bolts | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with bolt=Instrument | ||||
| 7 | throw | past | cask | into the blue sea result | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer it=Theme into sea=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/24/16/