Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 24, sentence 19
“Oh,” they said, “evidently some disaster has befallen him!”
Who acts: brothers · What happens: say, befall · To what, where: disaster · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brothers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
| 2 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 6 said | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 befallen | punct |
| 8 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 befallen | punct |
| 9 | evidently | evidently | ADV | _ | 13 befallen | advmod |
| 10 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 disaster | det |
| 11 | disaster | disaster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 befallen | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 befallen | aux |
| 13 | befallen | befall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 said | ccomp |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 befallen | obj |
| 15 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 13 befallen | punct |
| 16 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: express | past | brothers = brother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | befall in a quote | present · perfect · passive | some disaster | Koshchéy obj; evidently property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/24/19/