Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 24, sentence 4
And the horse answered, “Iván Tsarévich has again arrived, and has taken Márya Moryévna away.”
Who acts: horse, Iván · What happens: answer, arrive, take away · To what, where: Márya · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 answered | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 horse | det |
| 3 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 answered | nsubj |
| 4 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 arrived | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 arrived | punct |
| 7 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 arrived | nsubj |
| 8 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Iván | flat |
| 9 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 arrived | aux |
| 10 | again | again | ADV | _ | 11 arrived | advmod |
| 11 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 answered | ccomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 taken | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 taken | cc |
| 14 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 taken | aux |
| 15 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 arrived | conj |
| 16 | Márya | Márya | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 taken | obj |
| 17 | Moryévna | Moryévna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Márya | flat |
| 18 | away | away | ADV | _ | 15 taken | advmod |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 answered | punct |
| 20 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 answered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | answer speech: assert | past | the horse | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | arrive in a quote | present · perfect | Iván | again | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | take away in a quote | present · perfect | Iván not said here | Márya | away property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent márya=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/24/4/