Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 24, sentence 56
As soon as ever he had driven the mares into the field, they all turned their tails and ran in the meadows so far that the Tsarévich could not trace them with his eyes: and thus they were all lost.
Who acts: horse, food, Tsarévich · What happens: drive, turn, run, not trace, lose · To what, where: mares, field, tails, meadows, food
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, food, Tsarévich), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | ADV | _ | 2 soon | advmod |
| 2 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 16 turned | advmod |
| 3 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 7 driven | mark |
| 4 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 7 driven | advmod |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 driven | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 driven | aux |
| 7 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 turned | advcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 mares | det |
| 9 | mares | mare | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 driven | obj |
| 10 | into | into | ADP | _ | 12 field | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 field | det |
| 12 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 driven | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 driven | punct |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 turned | nsubj |
| 15 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 turned | advmod |
| 16 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 tails | nmod:poss |
| 18 | tails | tail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 turned | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 ran | cc |
| 20 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 turned | conj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 meadows | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 meadows | det |
| 23 | meadows | meadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 ran | obl |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 far | advmod |
| 25 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 20 ran | advmod |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 trace | mark |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Tsarévich | det |
| 28 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 trace | nsubj |
| 29 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 trace | aux |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 31 trace | advmod |
| 31 | trace | trace | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 ran | advcl |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 trace | obj |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 eyes | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 35 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 trace | obl |
| 36 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 42 lost | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 lost | cc |
| 38 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 42 lost | advmod |
| 39 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 lost | nsubj |
| 40 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 lost | aux:pass |
| 41 | all | all | ADV | _ | 42 lost | advmod |
| 42 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 turned | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drive | past · perfect | horse | the mares | the field | ever | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent mare=Theme into field=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | turn | past | food | food's tails | soon property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tail=Theme | |||
| 3 | run | past | food not said here | the meadows | far property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in meadow=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | not trace | could | the Tsarévich | food | with horse's eyes | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 5 | lose | past · passive | food | all, thus property | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/24/56/