Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 24, sentence 99
And, sooner or later, so soon he caught up Iván Tsarévich, and he leapt to him and was going to cleave him with his curved sabre; but then the steed of Iván Tsarévich kicked Koshchéy the Deathless with all his might, and clove in his head, and the Tsarévich struck him down with his club.
Who acts: Koshchéy, steed, Tsarévich · What happens: catch up, leapt, go, cleave, kick, strike down · To what, where: Iván, Márya, Koshchéy
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Koshchéy, steed, Tsarévich), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 sooner | cc |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 sooner | punct |
| 3 | sooner | soon | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 10 caught | advmod |
| 4 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 5 later | cc |
| 5 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 3 sooner | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 caught | punct |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 8 soon | advmod |
| 8 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 10 caught | advmod |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 caught | nsubj |
| 10 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | up | up | ADP | _ | 10 caught | compound:prt |
| 12 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 caught | obj |
| 13 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Iván | flat |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 leapt | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 leapt | cc |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 leapt | nsubj |
| 17 | leapt | leapt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 caught | conj |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 him | case |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 leapt | obl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 going | cc |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 going | aux |
| 22 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 leapt | conj |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 cleave | mark |
| 24 | cleave | cleave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 going | xcomp |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 cleave | obj |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 sabre | case |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 sabre | nmod:poss |
| 28 | curved | curved | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 sabre | amod |
| 29 | sabre | sabre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 cleave | obl |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 kicked | punct |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 38 kicked | cc |
| 32 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 kicked | advmod |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 steed | det |
| 34 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 kicked | nsubj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Iván | case |
| 36 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 steed | nmod |
| 37 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Iván | flat |
| 38 | kicked | kick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 caught | conj |
| 39 | Koshchéy | Koshchéy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 kicked | obj |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 Deathless | det |
| 41 | Deathless | Deathless | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 kicked | obj |
| 42 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 45 might | mark |
| 43 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 45 might | det:predet |
| 44 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 might | nmod:poss |
| 45 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 kicked | advcl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 clove | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 clove | cc |
| 48 | clove | clove | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 caught | obl |
| 49 | in | in | ADP | _ | 51 head | case |
| 50 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 head | nmod:poss |
| 51 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 clove | nmod |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 struck | punct |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 struck | cc |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 Tsarévich | det |
| 55 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 struck | nsubj |
| 56 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 caught | conj |
| 57 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 56 struck | obj |
| 58 | down | down | ADP | _ | 56 struck | compound:prt |
| 59 | with | with | ADP | _ | 61 club | case |
| 60 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 61 club | nmod:poss |
| 61 | club | club | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 struck | obl |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 caught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | catch up | past | Koshchéy | Iván | clove in Koshchéy's head obl; soon property | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iván=Theme | |||
| 2 | leapt | past | Koshchéy | Márya | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | go | past · progressive | Koshchéy not said here | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | cleave | to-infinitive | Koshchéy not said here | Koshchéy | with Koshchéy's curved sabre | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with sabre=Instrument | |||
| 5 | kick | past | the steed of Iván | Koshchéy | then | the Deathless obj | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent koshchéy=Patient deathless=Result | ||
| 6 | strike down | past | the Tsarévich | Koshchéy | with Koshchéy's club | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with club=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/24/99/