Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 25, sentence 101
And he began to teach him and to instruct him before all of the world, that he must not profane the word of the Gospel, and must show respect for the priests, and must not upraise himself, but must be kindly and inclined to the ways of peace.
Who acts: Tsar · What happens: begin, teach, instruct, not profane, show, not upraise · To what, where: Tsar, word, respect, Gospel
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 began | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 teach | mark |
| 5 | teach | teach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 began | xcomp |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 teach | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 instruct | cc |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 instruct | mark |
| 9 | instruct | instruct | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 teach | conj |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 instruct | obj |
| 11 | before | before | ADP | _ | 12 all | case |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 9 instruct | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 world | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 world | det |
| 15 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 all | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 profane | punct |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 profane | mark |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 profane | nsubj |
| 19 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 profane | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 profane | advmod |
| 21 | profane | profane | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 instruct | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 word | det |
| 23 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 profane | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Gospel | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Gospel | det |
| 26 | Gospel | Gospel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 word | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 show | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 show | cc |
| 29 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 show | aux |
| 30 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 21 profane | parataxis |
| 31 | respect | respect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 show | obj |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 priests | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 priests | det |
| 34 | priests | priest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 respect | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 upraise | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 upraise | cc |
| 37 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 upraise | aux |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 upraise | advmod |
| 39 | upraise | upraise | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 30 show | conj |
| 40 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 39 upraise | obj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 kindly | punct |
| 42 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 45 kindly | cc |
| 43 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 kindly | aux |
| 44 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 45 kindly | cop |
| 45 | kindly | kindly | ADV | _ | 3 began | advmod |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 inclined | cc |
| 47 | inclined | incline | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 45 kindly | conj |
| 48 | to | to | ADP | _ | 50 ways | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 ways | det |
| 50 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 inclined | obl |
| 51 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 peace | case |
| 52 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 ways | nmod |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | Tsar | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | teach speech: other | to-infinitive | Tsar not said here | Tsar | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | instruct speech: other | to-infinitive | Tsar not said here | Tsar | before all of the world | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | |||
| 4 | not profane | must | Tsar | the word of the Gospel | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | show | must | respect | for the priests | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent respect=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | not upraise | must | Tsar | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | is | must | kindly property | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | incline | participle | to the ways of peace | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent to way=Theme | |||||
| 9 | word | the Gospel | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/25/101/