Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 25, sentence 142
In the forest there was a deep pit of which neither end nor bottom could be seen.
What happens: be, see · To what, where: deep pit, forest, end
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 forest | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 forest | det |
| 3 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 pit | obl |
| 4 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 was | expl |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 pit | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 pit | det |
| 7 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 pit | amod |
| 8 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 which | case |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 seen | obl |
| 11 | neither | neither | DET | PronType=Neg | 12 end | det |
| 12 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 14 bottom | cc |
| 14 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 end | conj |
| 15 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 seen | aux |
| 16 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 17 seen | aux:pass |
| 17 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 pit | acl:relcl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 pit | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | a deep pit | the forest | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see | could · passive | neither end nor bottom | of a deep pit | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/25/142/