Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 25, sentence 34
It was fearful torture, and the soldier could hardly endure it.
Who acts: book, soldier · What happens: be, endure · To what, where: fearful torture, book
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (book, soldier), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 torture | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 torture | cop |
| 3 | fearful | fearful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 torture | amod |
| 4 | torture | torture | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 endure | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 endure | cc |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 soldier | det |
| 8 | soldier | soldier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 endure | nsubj |
| 9 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 endure | aux |
| 10 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 11 endure | advmod |
| 11 | endure | endure | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 torture | acl:relcl |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 endure | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 torture | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | book | fearful torture | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | endure | could | the soldier | book | hardly property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Circumstance |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/25/34/