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Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 25, sentence 68

He took it and bowed down to them, and he went unto his city, and arrived in his town, and he asked a widow if he might stay there the night, and he questioned her, saying: “Say, my mistress, who is the Tsar here?”

Who acts: Tsar, mistress · What happens: take, bow down, go, arrive, ask, stay · To what, where: dress, Robbers, town, widow, Tsar · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar, mistress), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjobjccconjadvmodcaseoblpunctccnsubjconjcasenmod:possoblpunctccconjcasenmod:possoblpunctccnsubjconjdetobjmarknsubjauxxcompadvmoddetobl:unmarkedpunctccnsubjconjobjpunctadvclpunctpunctdiscoursepunctnmod:possccomppunctnsubjcopdetnmodadvmodpunctpunctrootHePRONtookVERBitPRONandCCONJbowedVERBdownADVtoADPthemPRON,PUNCTandCCONJhePRONwentVERBuntoADPhisPRONcityNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJarrivedVERBinADPhisPRONtownNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJhePRONaskedVERBaDETwidowNOUNifSCONJhePRONmightAUXstayVERBthereADVtheDETnightNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJhePRONquestionedVERBherPRON,PUNCTsayingVERB:PUNCT“PUNCTSayINTJ,PUNCTmyPRONmistressNOUN,PUNCTwhoPRONisAUXtheDETTsarPROPNhereADV?PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1HehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs2 tooknsubj
2tooktakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
3ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs2 tookobj
4andandCCONJ_5 bowedcc
5bowedbowVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 tookconj
6downdownADV_5 bowedadvmod
7totoADP_8 themcase
8themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs5 bowedobl
9,,PUNCT_12 wentpunct
10andandCCONJ_12 wentcc
11hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs12 wentnsubj
12wentgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 tookconj
13untountoADP_15 citycase
14hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs15 citynmod:poss
15citycityNOUNNumber=Sing12 wentobl
16,,PUNCT_18 arrivedpunct
17andandCCONJ_18 arrivedcc
18arrivedarriveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 tookconj
19ininADP_21 towncase
20hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs21 townnmod:poss
21towntownNOUNNumber=Sing18 arrivedobl
22,,PUNCT_25 askedpunct
23andandCCONJ_25 askedcc
24hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs25 askednsubj
25askedaskVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 tookconj
26aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art27 widowdet
27widowwidowNOUNNumber=Sing25 askedobj
28ififSCONJ_31 staymark
29hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs31 staynsubj
30mightmightAUXVerbForm=Fin31 stayaux
31staystayVERBVerbForm=Inf25 askedxcomp
32therethereADVPronType=Dem31 stayadvmod
33thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art34 nightdet
34nightnightNOUNNumber=Sing31 stayobl:unmarked
35,,PUNCT_38 questionedpunct
36andandCCONJ_38 questionedcc
37hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs38 questionednsubj
38questionedquestionVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 tookconj
39hershePRONCase=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs38 questionedobj
40,,PUNCT_41 sayingpunct
41sayingsayVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part38 questionedadvcl
42::PUNCT_47 mistresspunct
43“"PUNCT_47 mistresspunct
44SaysayINTJ_47 mistressdiscourse
45,,PUNCT_47 mistresspunct
46mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs47 mistressnmod:poss
47mistressmistressNOUNNumber=Sing41 sayingccomp
48,,PUNCT_52 Tsarpunct
49whowhoPRONPronType=Rel52 Tsarnsubj
50isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin52 Tsarcop
51thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art52 Tsardet
52TsarTsarPROPNNumber=Sing47 mistressnmod
53herehereADVPronType=Dem47 mistressadvmod
54??PUNCT_47 mistresspunct
55”"PUNCT_47 mistresspunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1takepastTsardressvn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2bow downpastTsar not said hereRobbers = robberdown propertyvn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to they=Theme
3gopastTsarunto Tsar's cityvn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4arrivepastTsar not said hereTsar's townvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5ask speech: askpastTsara widowvn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent widow=Recipient clause=Topic
6stay a condition, not said to happenmightTsartherenightvn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7question speech: otherpastTsarwidowvn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient
8say speech: askgerundTsar not said heremy mistress ccompvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
9is a in a quotepresentmy mistressthe Tsartree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/25/68/