Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 109
“Brothers,” Vanyúshka said, “our father is dead: who of us will go and read prayers on his grave?”
Who acts: Vanyúshka, father · What happens: say, be, go, read · To what, where: prayers, grave · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vanyúshka, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Brothers | punct |
| 2 | Brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 said | ccomp |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Brothers | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Brothers | punct |
| 5 | Vanyúshka | Vanyúshka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 dead | punct |
| 8 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 dead | punct |
| 9 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 father | nmod:poss |
| 10 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 dead | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 dead | cop |
| 12 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 said | ccomp |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 go | punct |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 go | nsubj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 us | case |
| 16 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 who | obl |
| 17 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 go | aux |
| 18 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 said | ccomp |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 read | cc |
| 20 | read | read | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 go | conj |
| 21 | prayers | prayer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 read | obj |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 grave | case |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 grave | nmod:poss |
| 24 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 read | obl |
| 25 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 18 go | punct |
| 26 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 go | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | past | Vanyúshka | Brothers ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | our father | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | go in a quote | future | who of us nsubj | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | read in a quote | infinitive | prayers | Father's grave | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prayer=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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