Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 115
They gave their hats a knowing tilt, whooped and shouted, flew about, and rushed and galloped abroad on the open fields; and once again Ványa read the prayers; and so, too, on the third night.
Who acts: prayers, Ványa · What happens: give, know, whoop, shout, fly, rush · To what, where: hats, open fields, prayers
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prayers, Ványa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 gave | nsubj |
| 2 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 hats | nmod:poss |
| 4 | hats | hat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 gave | obj |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 tilt | det |
| 6 | knowing | know | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 tilt | amod |
| 7 | tilt | tilt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 gave | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 whooped | punct |
| 9 | whooped | whoop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 gave | conj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 shouted | cc |
| 11 | shouted | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 whooped | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 flew | punct |
| 13 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 whooped | parataxis |
| 14 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 flew | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 rushed | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 rushed | cc |
| 17 | rushed | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 flew | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 galloped | cc |
| 19 | galloped | gallop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 rushed | conj |
| 20 | abroad | abroad | ADV | _ | 19 galloped | advmod |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 fields | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 fields | det |
| 23 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 fields | amod |
| 24 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 galloped | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 read | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 read | cc |
| 27 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 28 again | advmod |
| 28 | again | again | ADV | _ | 30 read | advmod |
| 29 | Ványa | Ványa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 read | nsubj |
| 30 | read | read | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 gave | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 prayers | det |
| 32 | prayers | prayer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 read | obj |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 so | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 so | cc |
| 35 | so | so | ADV | _ | 2 gave | conj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 too | punct |
| 37 | too | too | ADV | _ | 35 so | advmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 night | punct |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 42 night | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 night | det |
| 41 | third | third | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 42 night | amod |
| 42 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 so | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | prayers = prayer | prayers's hats | a knowing tilt obj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent hat=Recipient tilt=Theme | |||
| 2 | know | gerund | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 3 | whoop speech: other | past | prayers = prayer not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | shout speech: express | past | prayers = prayer not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | fly | past | about property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | rush | past | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | gallop | past | the open fields | abroad property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on field=Trajectory | ||||
| 8 | read | past | Ványa | the prayers | again | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prayer=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/26/115/