Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 121
Then the old man got up, whistled and halloed with a young man’s voice, with a nightingale’s trill; and from some source or other a horse ran up, and the earth trembled, and from his nostrils and from his ears flames issued forth.
Who acts: old man, earth, nightingale · What happens: get up, whistle, hallo, run up, tremble, issue · To what, where: source, flames
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, earth, nightingale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 got | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 man | det |
| 3 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 man | amod |
| 4 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 got | nsubj |
| 5 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 got | compound:prt |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 whistled | punct |
| 8 | whistled | whistle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 got | xcomp |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 halloed | cc |
| 10 | halloed | hallo | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 whistled | conj |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 voice | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 man | det |
| 13 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 man | amod |
| 14 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 voice | nmod:poss |
| 15 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 14 man | case |
| 16 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 halloed | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 trill | punct |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 trill | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 nightingale | det |
| 20 | nightingale | nightingale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 trill | nmod:poss |
| 21 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 20 nightingale | case |
| 22 | trill | trill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 halloed | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 ran | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 ran | cc |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 source | case |
| 26 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 source | det |
| 27 | source | source | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 ran | obl |
| 28 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 horse | cc |
| 29 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 horse | amod |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 horse | det |
| 31 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 source | conj |
| 32 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 got | parataxis |
| 33 | up | up | ADP | _ | 32 ran | compound:prt |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 trembled | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 trembled | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 earth | det |
| 37 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 trembled | nsubj |
| 38 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 ran | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 nostrils | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 nostrils | cc |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 43 nostrils | case |
| 42 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 nostrils | nmod:poss |
| 43 | nostrils | nostril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 trembled | parataxis |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 ears | cc |
| 45 | from | from | ADP | _ | 47 ears | case |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 ears | nmod:poss |
| 47 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 nostrils | conj |
| 48 | flames | flame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 nostrils | conj |
| 49 | issued | issue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 48 flames | acl |
| 50 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 49 issued | advmod |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 got | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get up | past | the old man | then | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | whistle | participle | the old man not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | hallo | participle | the old man not said here | with a young man's voice; with a nightingale's trill | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | run up | past | some source or a other horse | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from source=Trajectory | |||||
| 5 | tremble | past | the earth | earth's nostrils and earth's ears and flames parataxis | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | issue | participle | flames not said here | forth property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | trill | a nightingale | nom trill «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/26/121/